Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Rhinoplasty/methods , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Nasal Septum/surgery , Postoperative Complications , Quality of Life , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Edema , Symptom Assessment/methods , Operative TimeABSTRACT
To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Sulindac on the hippocampal complex after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Thirty one Sprague-Dawley rats were used, distributed into group I (sham) n:7 were used as control. For group II (n:8), III (n:8) and IV (n:8) rats, cerebral ischemia was performed via the occlusion of bilateral internal carotid artery for 45 minutes and continued with reperfusion process. 0.3 mL/kg/h 0.9 % sodium chloride was infused intraperitoneally to the Group II rats before ischemia, 5μg/kg/h/0.3 ml sulindac was infused intraperitoneally to the Group III rats before ischemia and 5μg/kg/h/0.3 ml sulindac was infused intraperitoneally to the Group IV rats after ischemia and before reperfusion process. The levels of MDA, GSH and MPO activity were measured in the left hippocampus tissue. The hippocampal tissue of all group members were taken for histopathological study. The MDA and MPO levels increased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P<0.05) and decreased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P<0.05). Beside these, the GSH levels decreased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P<0.05) and increased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P<0.05).The number of apoptotic neurons increased from group I (control) to group II (I/R) (P<0.05) and decreased from group II (I/R) to group III (presulindac + I/R) and IV (postsulindac + I/R) (P<0.05). The Sulindac may have neuroprotective effects on ischemic neural tissue to prevent the reperfusion injury after ischemia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Neuroprotective Agents/analysis , Ischemia/pathology , Reperfusion , Wounds and Injuries , Rats/classificationABSTRACT
Objectives: Prostaglandins are critical mediators of inflammation and affect both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Recent findings show that T and B cells express COX-2 upon activation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential occurrence of COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivity in cases of chronic tonsillitis and to determine the sites of their expression. In addition, their expression in adult patients is compared with that in child patients. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the expression of the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, in chronic tonsillitis tissue specimens from adults (n = 15) and children (n = 15). Results: There was no staining in surface epithelium or reticulated crypt epithelium. COX-1 and COX-2 expressions were observed mainly in the intraepithelial lymphoid cells in reticulated crypt epithelium and subepithelial cells. Also, COX-1 and COX-2 stained cells were found in the germinal center. There was no difference of the expressions of COX-1 and COX-2 among adults and children. The only significant difference noted between the adults and children was that, the adults had rich subepithelial plasma cells. Conclusion: Activated B and T cells express COX-1 and COX-2 in paraffin-embedded tissue sections of chronic tonsillitis. Further studies need to be performed to elucidate expression of COX enzymes and their immunologic role in tonsil diseases. They will play an important role in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis. Additional studies are warranted to study the effects of NSAIDs and selective COX-2 inhibitors in chronic tonsillitis